Wood Carving

    Wood carving is an art form. Wood carving includes any kind of sculpture in wood (working wood by means of a cutting tool), from the decorative bas-relief on small objects to life-size figures in the round, furniture, and architectural decorations.  The phrase may also refer to the finished product, from individual sculptures, to hand-worked moldings composing part of a tracery. 

The woods used in Wood carving vary greatly in hardness and grain (The direction is which wood is strongest is called grain).

Commonly employed woods in Wood carving-

Boxwood, Pine, Pear, Walnut, Willow, Oak, Ebony etc...

Basswood (aka Tilia or Lime) and Tupelo -- hardwoods are relatively easy to work with.

Oak -- lovely wood for carving because of its durability and toughness without being too hard. Chestnut (very like oak), American walnut, mahogany and teak are also very good woods; while for fine work Italian walnut, sycamore maple, apple, pear or plum, are generally used.

The tools used for Wood carving are simple gouges, chisels, wooden mallets, and pointed instruments.   

Wood Carving Methods and styles

    * Chip carving- a style of wood carving in which knives are used to remove small chips of wood from the project surface in a single piece. Patterns can be free form style or based on geometric figures.

    * Relief carving- The carver first fixes the wood to his workbench by means of a carvers screw or clamp. The carver then sketches on the main lines of his idea, indicating the flowers, foliage, or other subject. If the design be very intricate or of a geometrical character, he may trace the design from a pattern first prepared on paper.

    * Scandinavian flat-plane- a style of figure carving.

    * Caricature carving- a humorous wood carving that exaggerates or distorts the basic essence of a person or thing to create an easily identifiable visual likeness.

    * Love spoon- an ornately carved spoon traditionally made from a single piece of wood by young men, especially in Wales, as a love token for their sweethearts, to show their affection and intentions.

    * Treen- a generic name for small handmade functional household objects made of wood. Hence treen is distinct from furniture, such as chairs, and cabinetry, such as clocks and cupboards.

    * Whittling- art of carving shapes out of raw wood with a knife.

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